"Tahdhib al-Akhlaq" (Refinement of Character) by Al-Jahiz. The text explores the nature of human ethics, classifying them into virtuous, base, and those contingent on context. It discusses the origins of these traits in the human soul's faculties – the appetitive, the irascible, and the rational – and how these influence behaviour. Furthermore, it offers guidance on cultivating virtuous character and overcoming negative tendencies through self-awareness, reasoned thought, and the pursuit of knowledge. The ultimate aim described is the attainment of human perfection through the comprehensive embrace of moral excellence.
This is the link to the audiobook in Arabic
https://youtu.be/i5YK9COzJLM